Notable Popes in Catholic History: Multiple Choice

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01In 2013, who became the first pope to resign from the office in nearly 600 years?
02Which Pope, known as "Good Pope John," initiated the transformative Second Vatican Council (Vatican II) in 1962?
03The Council of Trent, a key part of the Counter-Reformation, was convened in 1545 by which Pope?
04Which Pope initiated the Avignon Papacy in 1309 by moving the papal court from Rome to Avignon, France?
05Who is the current pontiff, the first pope from the Americas and the first member of the Jesuit order to be elected?
06Who is traditionally considered the first Pope of the Catholic Church?
07Which Pope is best known for the 1582 reform of the Julian calendar, resulting in the calendar system used by most of the world today?
08Who was the reigning Pope when Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation?
09The dogma of papal infallibility was formally defined during the First Vatican Council, which was convened by which Pope?
10Elected in 1978, who was the first non-Italian pope in over 450 years and a key figure in the fall of communism in Eastern Europe?
11Who holds the record for the longest confirmed pontificate in papal history, reigning for over 31 years from 1846 to 1878?
12The Great Schism of 1054, which formally separated the Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic churches, occurred during the pontificate of which Pope?