Earth Science: Geology, Weather, and Climate: Multiple Choice

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01The theory of plate tectonics explains that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large plates. What is the primary driving force behind their movement?
02Which of the following is the most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere, responsible for most of the natural greenhouse effect?
03The boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally is known as what type of fault?
04Which major ocean current system plays a significant role in moderating the climate of Western Europe, making it warmer than other areas at similar latitudes?
05What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
06Which type of cloud is characterized by a puffy, 'cotton-like' appearance and is often associated with fair weather?
07Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?
08Which scale is used to measure the relative hardness of minerals?
09In which layer of the Earth's atmosphere does most weather occur?
10What is the outermost, solid layer of the Earth called?
11What are the long-term, cyclical variations in Earth's orbit and axial tilt, which are a primary driver of ice age cycles, collectively known as?
12What is the name for a large, rotating storm system that forms over tropical waters and has sustained winds of at least 74 mph?